(For External Use Only)
Spirit Water
Bath Combos
Chakra Oils
Health Enhancement
Liniments
Massage Oils
Perfumes
Ritual Oils
Salves
Whole Plant Synergies
Individual Essential Oils
(For Internal Use)
Tincture Formulas
Individual Herbal Tinctures
Blends & Single Ingredients
Edible Massage Lotions
Skin Care
Soaps
Aromatherapy
Healing & Nutrition
Herbology
Supplements
Women's Health
Gift Certificates
How To Order
Essential Oil Profiles
Info Library
Link Partners
Natural Health Daily News
Newsletters
Political Action
Slideshows
About Iris Herbal
Contact Us
Home
ESSENTIAL OIL INFORMATION
& INDIVIDUAL OIL PROFILES
Essential Oil Use & Safety Guidelines
- Do not take essential oils internally unless you are following a cooking recipe (many herb and spice oils can be used as flavorings in minute quantities) or under the supervision of a licensed health care practitioner (with aromatherapy training).
- Do not apply essential oils directly to the skin; always dilute with a carrier oil such as sweet almond, sesame and/or olive oil.
- Here are the standard dilutions (as recommended by several internationally known aromatherapists) for a variety of home uses (on healthy adolescents and adults over 100 lbs):
- Massage: use a total of 12 to 15 drops of essential oil(s) per one ounce of carrier oil. This is a 2 % dilution.
- Bath: use 5 to 8 drops of non-irritant essential oil(s) in a teaspoon of vegetable oil and add to the water just before you enter the bath.
- Inhalations: a drop of essential oil can be placed on a handkerchief or cotton ball and inhaled. Three to five drops may be added to a bowl of steaming water and the vapors inhaled. Be sure to close your eyes!
- Keep out of the reach of children.
- Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
- Do not use citrus oils (or Angelica…and some references include Lavender) on the skin before exposure to UV light.
- Use only pure and natural essential oils; avoid synthetic fragrances.
- Do not use essential oils on infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly and/or those with serious health problems without specific aromatherapy training. There are books available that, when read and understood, can help parents make informed choices about aromatherapy use for the whole family. When in doubt: don't use.
- Should ingestion of an essential oil occur, immediately call your Poison Control Center (http://www.aapcc.org/DNN/) Do not give water if breathing or swallowing is difficult.
- Do buy a reference book to help you use essential oils safely and confidently. If you have a specific question, the folks at Iris herbal are happy to assist you.
Individual Oil Profiles
Brought to you by Herbalpedia™ and Iris Herbal Staff
* Information
/ Disclaimer
* Guarantee
Oil
Name: Angelica Constituents: essential oils
including phellandrene and pinene, lactone (angelicin), resins,
angelica acid, bitter principle, tannin; limonene, linalol and borneol;
rich in courmarins including osthol, angelicin, bergapten and imperatorin.
Actions: carminative, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, diuretic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, aromatic, pectoral, stimulant, tonic flowers. Leaves are few, deeply dented and large palmlike on hollow, fluted stems. The fruit are green and oblong from 1/6-1/4 inch long. The root is hard, fibrous, containing a thick, yellowish juice. Blooms from June to July. Energetics: spicy, warm, bitter Toxicity: Photosensitizing. The coumarins responsible for the phototoxicity of the root and seed are not found in the steam-distilled oils of these. Canadian regulations list angelica as an unacceptable non-medicinal ingredient for oral use products. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: produced by steam distillation from the roots and rhizomes and the fruit or seed. An absolute is also produced on a small scale, from the roots. 340 pounds root material yields 1 pound essential oil . Characteristics: A colorless or pale yellow oil that turns yellowy-brown with age, with a rich herbaceous-earthy bodynote. The seed oil is a colorless liquid with a fresher, spicy top note. It blends well with patchouli, opopanax, costus, clary sage, oakmoss, vetiver and with citrus oils. Actions: antispasmodic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Reported to have bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Blends well with: Bergamot, clary, lemongrass, ocean pine, Swiss pine, juniper, tea tree. Character: Yang |
| Oil
Name: Anise Constituents: Essential oil
includes transanethole, 70%-90%, choline, fatty oil, fixed oils,
coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, fatty acids, sugars, sterols, resin,
benzoic acid, pectin, mucilage
Actions: A very potent oil, not often used in massage as skin sensitization may occur. Aniseed oil stimulates digestion, relieves cramps, and reduces flatulence. For stomach and abdominal cramps, particularly when caused by nervous tension, massage with this oil may be helpful. It helps flush the system, and it is a good expectorant. For coughs and excessive phlegm in the chest, use aniseed oil mixed in honey as a syrup or in cough drops. For sweet drams, aniseed oil is best used in an aroma lamp mixed with balm, neroli and Roman chamomile. Severe sneezing may be reduced when 5 drops of aniseed oil is mixed with 1 tablespoon of almond oil and rubbed into the upper neck region. Has been used as a stimulant in cardiac fatigue though at the same time could ease palpitations. Said to control lice and has a reputation for dealing with infectious skin diseases. Energetics: spicy, warm |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the seeds Characteristics: colorless to pale yellow liquid with a warm, spicy-sweet characteristic scent. Like star anise, it is a good masking agent Top to middle note. Taste: pungent; Energy: heating, moisturizing. Blends well with: amyris, bay, cardamom, caraway, cedarwood, coriander, dill, fennel, galbanum, mandarin, petitgrain, rosewood Toxicity: Anise seeds and toothpastes flavored with anethole have both been reported to cause cheilitis, a peeling and bleeding of the lips sometimes mistaken for the simple chapping caused by cold weather. Anise oil has GRAS status and is approved for food use. The acute oral LD-50 of the oil in rats is 2.25 g/kg. No percutaneous absorption of the oil occurred through mouse skin within 2 hours. Ingestion of the oil may result in pulmonary edema, vomiting and seizures ion doses as small as 1 to 5 ml. |
| Oil
Name: Balsam Tolu Constituents: About 80 per cent
amorphous resin, with cinnamic acid, a volatile oil, and a little
vanillin, benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate. It is freely soluble
in chloroform, glacial acetic acid, acetone, ether, alcohol and
liquor potassa, scarcely soluble in petroleumbenzine and benzol. Uses: Skin Care: dry, chapped and cracked skin, eczema, rashes, scabies, sores, wounds Respiratory System: bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, croup, laryngitis Characteristics: a pale yellow-brown liquid with a sweet-floral scent and peppery undertone. An amber-colored liquid with a rich balsamic-floral scent, which slowly solidifies on cooling into a crystalline mass. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: The crude balsam is collected from the trees. It appears first in liquid form, then hardens and solidifies into an orangebrown brittle mass. An essential oil is obtained from the crude by steam distillation or dry distillation. A resinoid and absolute are also produced for use primarily as fixatives. Blends well with: mimosa, ylang ylang, sandalwood, labdanum, neroli, patchouli, cedarwood and oriental, spicy and floral bases |
| Oil
Name: European Sweet Basil Constituents: volatile oil (including
estragol), tannins, borneone, cineole, methylchavicol, eugenol,
ocimene, pinene, sylvestrene, basil camphor; eugenol, methyl cinnamate,
others depending on species. The oil is 40-45% methyl linalol, 23.8%
methyl chavicol and small amounts of limonene and citronellol
Energetics: sweet, pungent, slightly bitter, very warm, dry. The oil is a colorless or pale yellow liquid with a light fresh sweet-spicy and balsamic undertone. The taste is pungent. Energy is heating, neutral Blends well with: bergamot, black pepper, lavender, marjoram, melissa, neroli, sandalwood, verbena, clary sage, lime, opopanax, oakmoss, citronella, geranium, hyssop and other ‘green’ notes, camphor, rosemary, juniper, lemon, eucalyptus, myrle, lavender, bergamot |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation from the flowering herb Top Note. The essential oil is used in soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and perfumes. It is also a basic ingredient for the manufacture of Chartreuse-type liqueurs. Basil also helps to restore the sense of smell lost from sinus congestion. Aromatherapists massage oils scented with basil into overworked muscles and use the fragrance to decrease mental fatigue and to clear the head. Toxicity: Though no uterine stimulant has ever been identified, given its pervasive multicultural use as a menstruation promoter and labor inducer, pregnant women should probably limit their consumption to culinary amounts. Do not use the essential oil externally or internally in pregnancy. Do not use for nephritis or acute kidney inflammation. |
| Oil
Name: Bay Constituents: Eugenol (up to
56%), methyl eugenol, chavicol, estragole, myrcene, phellandrene,
linalol, and limonene.
Energetics: sweet, pungent, slightly bitter, very warm, dry. The oil is a colorless or pale yellow liquid with a light fresh sweet-spicy and balsamic undertone. The taste is pungent. Energy is heating, neutral Characteristics: A dark yellow, mobile liquid with a fresh spicy top note and a sweet balsamic undertone. It blends well with lavender, rosemary, geranium, ylang ylang, citrus and spice oils. Toxicity: Moderately toxic due to high eugenol content, but generally nonirritant, nonsensitizing. Use in moderation. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Oil of pimento leaves is obtained by distillation from the leaves. The oil is distilled into water, where it separates into two portions-a light fraction, distilling over rapidly, and a heavy fraction distilling more slowly, the former floating on the top of the water, the latter sinking. These are mixed to obtain a normal oil. Oil of pimento leaves occurs as a yellow liquid, soon becoming brown on exposure to the air, having a pleasant, characteristic odor, and a sharp, spicy taste. Oil of pimento leaves may be adulterated with the oils of cloves and pimento, or occasionally with oil of turpentine. |
| Oil
Name: Benzoin Absolute Constituents: Cinnamic, benzoic
and sumaresinolic acid esters, mainly coniferyl cinnamate, cinnamyl
cinnamate, coniferyl benzoate accounting for up to 90%; free acids,
benzoic acid 10-20%, cinnamic acid up to 30% and sumaresinolic acid;
benzaldehyde, vanillin.
Properties: antiseptic, expectorant and astringent Characteristics: Sumatra crude benzoin occurs as grayish-brown brittle lumps with reddish streaks, with a styrax-like odor. There are several different qualities available; the ‘almond’ grade is considered superior. Siam benzoin comes in pebble or tear-shaped orangebrown pieces, with a sweet-balsamic vanillalike scent, this type having a more refined odor than the Sumatra type. Benzoin resinoid is produced from either the Siam or Sumatra types, or a mix of the two. It is an orangebrown viscuous mass with an intensely rich sweet-balsamic odor. Blends well with sandalwood, rose, jasmine, copaiba balsam, frankincense, myrrh, cypress, juniper, lemon, coriander and other spice oils. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: The crude benzoin is collected from the trees directly. Benzoin resinoid, or ‘resin absolute’, is prepared from the crude using solvents, which are then removed. Commercial benzoin is usually sold dissolved in ethyl glycol or a similar solvent. A ‘true’ absolute is also produced in small quantities. Uses: Skin Care: cuts, chapped skin, inflamed and irritated conditions Circulation, Muscles and Joints: arthritis, gout, poor circulation, rheumatism Respiratory System: asthma, bronchitis, chills, colic, cough, laryngitis Immune System: Flu |
| Oil
Name: Bergamot Constituents: Contains a volatile
oil including linalyl acetate, limonene, linalool, bergapten, a
diterpene, neroli and numerous specific principles.
Description: A small evergreen tree up to 30 feet high. Has pointed oval leaves and highly scented white flowers. The round fruits, similar to oranges, are light yellow, with an acidic pulp and highly aromatic peel. Characteristics: A light greenish-yellow liquid with a fresh sweet-fruity, slightly spicybalsamic undertone. On aging it turns a brownish-olive color. Toxicity: Do not take bergamot essential oil internally. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by cold expression of the peel of the nearly ripe fruit. A rectified or terpeneless oil is produced by vacuum distillation or solvent extraction. Blends well with: lavender, neroli, jasmine, cypress, geranium, lemon, chamomile, juniper, coriander and violet Actions: analgesic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, antiseptic (pulmonary, genitourinary), antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, deodorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary |
| Oil
Name: Sweet Birch Constituents: Contains saponins,
flavonoids, tannin, and a volatile oil that includes methyl salicylate.
The buds contain a volatile oil which includes the camphor-like
betulin. Young leaves are rich in saponins, a flavonoid derivative,
hyperoside resin, tannins, sesquiterpenes, betuloventic acid, vintamin
C. The bark contains betulinol and a glycoside.
Energetics: spicy, warm Characteristics: pale yellow, viscous oil with a woody-green balsamic scent. It crystallizes at low temperatures; the crude tar is an almost black, thick oily mass. The rectified oil is a brownish-yellow, clear oily liquid with a smoky, tar-like, ‘Russian leather’ odor. Blends well with: other woody and balsamic oils. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaf-buds; crude birch tar is extracted by slow destructive distillation from the bark; this is subsequently steam-distilled to yield a rectified birch tar oil. Properties: diuretic, antiseptic, tonic Parts Used: Bark, leaves |
| Oil
Name: Cajeput Constituents: cineol, terpineol,
terpinyl acetate, pinene, nerolidol, myrcene and other traces.
Energetics: Characteristics: Pale, yellowy-green, mobile liquid with a penetrating, camphoraceous-medicinal odor. Toxicity: non-toxic, non-sensitizing, may irritate the skin in high concentrations. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: by steam distillation from the fresh leaves and twigs. Blends well with: clover, eucalyptus, juniper, mint, wintergreen, angelica, bergamot, birch, cardamom, clove, geranium, immortelle, lavender, myrtle, niaouli, nutmeg, rose, rosewood, thyme |
| Oil
Name: White Camphor Constituents: Contains a volatile
oil comprised of camphor, safrole, eugenol, and terpineol. It also
contains lignans. Camphor is irritant and antiseptic; safrole is
thought to be carcinogenic. A white crystalline substance derived
from the stems, root, and other parts of the tree, also called camphor,
has powerful antiseptic, stimulant, and antispasmodic properties.
Energetics: spicy, bitter, warm, toxic Characteristics: White camphor is the lightest (lowest boiling) fraction, a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent camphoraceous odor. Brown camphor is the middle fraction. Yellow camphor, a blue-green or yellowish liquid, is the heaviest. Toxicity: Contraindicated in pregnancy or low energy conditions. More than one or two gms. Can produce harmful side-effects and more than seven can prove fatal. Take only the natural plant extract internally, as the chemically prepared camphor is contaminated with other chemicals. Brown and yellow camphor are toxic and carcinogenic. Not compatible with homeopathic treatment. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Crude camphor is collected from the trees in crystalline form. The essential oil is produced by steam distillation from the wood, root stumps and branches and then rectified under vacuum and filter pressed to produce three fractions, known as white, brown and yellow camphor Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, counter-irritant, diuretic, expectorant, vermifuge |
| Oil
Name: Cardamom Total Constituents: Volatile oil (terpinyl
acetate, cineol, limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, zingiberene,
borneol, camphor, pinene, humulene, caryophyllene, carvone, eucalyptole,
terpinene, sabinene)
Energetics: pungent, a bit bitter & sweet, warm, dry Characteristics: From the fruit: a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweetspicy, warming fragrance and a woody-balsamic undertone. Toxicity: Prolonged handling of cardamom seeds may cause contact dermatitis (itching, burning, stinging, reddened or blistered skin) or make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from the dried ripe fruit. The plant has many medicinal uses in Indian Vedic medicine and the oil is used in perfumes and incense and claimed as an aphrodisiac in India. It can be used as a refreshing invigorating bath. Blends well with: rose, olibanum, orange, bergamot, cinnamon, cloves, caraway, ylang ylang, labdanum, cedarwood, neroli, and oriental bases in general. |
| Oil
Name: Carrot Constituents: Essential oil
contains acetic acid, carotol, caryophyllene, asarone, bisabolene,
daucol, elemene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, pinene (terpenes).
The cultivated carrot root contains sugars, pectin, carotene, vitamins,
minerals and asparagine. Carrot leaves contain significant amounts
of porphyrins, which stimulate the pituitary gland and lead to the
release of increased levels of sex hormones.
Energetics: sweet, pungent, warm Characteristics: yellow or amber colored liquid with a warm, dry, woody-earthy odor, slightly sweet. Toxicity: best avoided in pregnancy as a possible abortifacient; non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Plant/Part: Herb/Seed Note: Middle Extraction method: steam distillation from dried seeds. Blends well with: bergamot, costus, cedarwood, cassie, geranium, juniper, lavender, lemon, lime, melissa, mimosa, neroli, orange, petitgrain, rosemary, verbena, citrus and spice oils…warm sweet odors. Properties: anthelminutic, antiseptic, carminative, cytophylactic, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, tonic, vasodilatory and smooth muscle relaxant, vermifuge |
TOP
If you wish to purchase any essential oil, click here
to return to product page.
| Oil
Name: Atlas Cedar Constituents: Atlantone, caryophyllene,
cedrol, cadinene, thujon
Characteristics: A yellow, orange or deep amber viscous oil with a warm, camphoraceous top note and sweet tenacious, woody-balsamic undertone. It blends well with rosewood, bergamot, boronia, cypress, calamus, cassie, costus, jasmine, juniper, neroli, mimosa, labdanum, olibanum, clary sage, vetiver, rosemary, ylang ylang, oriental and floral bases. Toxicity: Topically Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Best avoided during pregnancy. Because of the thujon it should not be taken orally in a high dose. It can irritate the central nervous system, cause a burning sensation in the stomach lining and severe thirst. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the wood, stumps and sawdust. A resinoid and absolute are also produced in small quantities. Actions: (Physical): antiseptic, antiputrescent, antiseborrheic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, mucolytic, sedative (nervous), stimulant (circulatory), tonic (Emotional)-calming, strengthening, rejuvenating, comforting, warming |
| Oil
Name: Himalayan Cedar Constituents: Atlantone, caryophyllene,
cedrol, cadinene, thujon
Characteristics: A yellow, orange or deep amber viscous oil with a warm, camphoraceous top note and sweet tenacious, woody-balsamic undertone. It blends well with rosewood, bergamot, boronia, cypress, calamus, cassie, costus, jasmine, juniper, neroli, mimosa, labdanum, olibanum, clary sage, vetiver, rosemary, ylang ylang, oriental and floral bases. Toxicity: Topically Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Best avoided during pregnancy. Because of the thujon it should not be taken orally in a high dose. It can irritate the central nervous system, cause a burning sensation in the stomach lining and severe thirst. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the wood, stumps and sawdust. A resinoid and absolute are also produced in small quantities. Actions: (Physical): antiseptic, antiputrescent, antiseborrheic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, mucolytic, sedative (nervous), stimulant (circulatory), tonic (Emotional)-calming, strengthening, rejuvenating, comforting, warming |
| Oil
Name: German Chamomile (Blue) Constituents: Volatile oil (proazulenes,
chamazulene(upon distillation), farnesine, alpha-bisabolol, spiroether);
flavonids (anthemidin, luteolin, rutin, quercimertrin); bitter glycosides
(anthemic acid); coumarins, tannins, plant acids (valerianic); polysaccharides,
salicylate, tryptophan, amino acids.
Energetics: bitter, spicy, neutral Characteristics: . Toxicity: A study found the likelihood of acute allergy to chamomile quite low. Two out of 25 people already allergic to other plants in the Asteraceae family were found to be allergic to chamomile as well. |
Matricaria
recutica 
Description: Annual. This low daisy-like
flower grows 2-8 inches high and has a pleasantly aromatic odor
when crushed. The leaves are pinnately divided and very narrow.
The flowers have yellow disk-florets and white ray-florets. The
center of the flower is coneshaped. The sepal-like bracts are
brownish in color. There are no chaffy scales among the disk-florets.
Fruit are tiny, straw-colored seeds. Blooms June to July.
|
| Oil
Name: Roman Chamomile Constituents: Up to 1.75% volatile
oil (including tiglic and angelic acid esters, chamazulene and isadol),
sesquiterpene lactones, mucilage, flavone glycosides, flavonoids,
coumarins, and phenolic acids.
Energetics: bitter, spicy, neutral Characteristics: A pale blue liquid (turning yellow on keeping) with a warm, sweet, fruity-herbaceous scent. Toxicity: Cautions: Oil is a uterine stimulant, and not used in pregnancy. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation of the flower heads Blends well with: bergamot, clary sage, oakmoss, jasmine, labdanum, neroli, rose, geranium and lavender Actions: analgesic, anti-anemic, antineuralgic, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmdic, bactericidal, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrizant, digestive, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, hypnotic, nerve sedative, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary. |
| Oil
Name: Wild Chamomile/Ormensis Constituents: trans pinocarueol,
borneol, bornyl acetate, bisaboline, b caryophellen, a. pinene,
1-8 cineole, yomogi alcohol, santelena alcohol and artemisia among
others.
Characteristics: Pale yellow to brownishyellow mobile liquid with a fresh-herbaceous top note and a sweet rich-balsamic undertone Blends well with: cypress, lavender, lavandin, vetiver, cedarwood, oakmoss, labdanum, olibanum and artemisia oils Actions: antispasmodic, cholagogue, emmenagogue, hepatic, sedative. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the flowering tops. Toxicity: generally non-toxic and non-irritant. |
| Oil
Name: Cinnamon Constituents: linalool, benzaldehyde,
cinnamic, furfurol, eugenol, safrole, cymene, dipentene, phellandrene,
pinene.
Characteristics: A yellow to brownish liquid with a warm-spicy, somewhat harsh odor from the leaves and twigs. A pale to dark yellow liquid with a sweet, warm-spicy, dry, tenacious odor from the dried inner bark. Best avoided in pregnancy.. Properties: Anaesthetic, antidontalgic, antiseptic, antiputrefactive, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, carminiative, emmenagogue, escharotic, haemostatic, insecticide, parasiticide, sialogogue, stimulant, stomachic, vermifuge |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Distillation; plant part--tree, bud, bark, leaf. Cinnamon leaf essential oil is often preferred over cinnamon bark or bud as the latter two may in some cases cause a severe skin reaction, having a large proportion of cinnamic aldehyde, often the cause of skin sensitization. Toxicity: Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and phellandrene are all allergens and irritants that may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. People who are sensitive to cinnamon may develop dermatitis after using perfume, soap, mouthwash or toothpaste scented or flavored with cinnamon. |
| Oil
Name: Citronella Constituents: citronellal and
geraniol. Minor constituents include a mixture of camphene (camphor-like),
borneol (chamomile-like) and methyleugenol (clove-like) combine
to produce a peculiar aroma resembling damp, musty vegetation. Characteristics: Citrusy (similar to lemongrass), slightly fruity, fresh, sweet.. Toxicity: May cause contact dermatitis (itching, burning, stinging, reddened or blistered skin) People who handle the plant and then expose their skin to sunlight may end up with a severe sunburn on the exposed surfaces. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh and partially dried leaves, finely chopped. Actions: Like its closely related counterpart, essential oil lemongrass, citronella is astringent and antiseptic. |
| Oil
Name: Clove Energetics: spicy, warm
Characteristics: Clove bud oil is a pale yellow liquid with a sweet-spicy odor and a fruity-fresh top note. The bud oil is favored in perfumery work. Clove leaf is a dark brown oil with a crude, burnt-woody odor. Clove stem oil is a pale yellow liquid with a strong spicywoody odor. Base note.. Adverse Effects: Contact with cloves may cause contact dermatitis. Because eugenol can be irritating to the intestinal tract, cloves are usually excluded from a bland diet. Some smokers switch to clove cigarettes, believing they’re safer than tobacco. They aren’t. Most clove cigarettes are 50-60% tobacco. And when clove burns, it releases many carcinogens. There have been many toxic reactions to clove cigarettes. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: The essential oil by water distillation from the buds and the leaves and by steam distillation from the stalks or stems. A concrete, absolute and oleoresin are also produced from the buds in small quantities. More than 22 lb of essence can be obtained each year from a single plant; this is the basis for the synthesis of vanilla. Oil of cloves contains caryophyllene, an oily liquid that smells like a cross between cloves and turpentine; almond-scented furfural; vanillin, and fruity scented, peppery methlamylketone.. They are used for flavoring desserts, fruit salads, mulled wine, and liquors. |
| Oil
Name: Cypress Constituents: pinene, camphene,
sylvestrene, cymene, sabinol among others.
Energetics: xxxx Characteristics: essential oil by steam distillation from the needles and twigs. An oil from the cones is available occasionally. A concrete and absolute are also produced in small quantities. Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant and nonsensitizing. Not to be used during the first four months of pregnancy, or with hypertensives. do not take the essential oil internally without professional supervision. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the needles and twigs. An oil from the cones is available occasionally. A concrete and absolute are also produced in small quantities. Blends well with: cedarwood, pine, lavender, mandarin, clary sage, lemon, cardomon, Moroccan chamomile, ambrette seed, labdanum, juniper, benzoin, bergamot, orange, marjoram and sandalwood Actions: antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, asterngent, deodorant, diruetic, hepatic, styptic, sudorific, tonic, vasoconstrictive |
| Oil
Name: Blue Cypress Constituents: cuainenes, selinenes, eudesmols, guaiazulene, guaiol, furanones Energetics: calming and grounding Characteristics: medium blue (leaf) or deep blue (root) viscous oil with a smoky, woody, balsamic, piney scent Toxicity: none known in dilution |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distilled leaf or root/bark Properties: astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, circulatory tonic, antihistamine Uses: allergic asthma, joint and muscle pain, respiratory problems, circulatory tonic, arthritis, menopause Blends well with: cypress, juniper, atlas cedar, myrtle, pine |
| Oil
Name: Blue Gum Eucalyptus Constituents: essential oil
with cineole, pinene, limonene, cymene, phellandrene, terpinene,
aromadendrene, ellagic and gallic acid, biter principle, resin,
tannin. Energetics: spicy, warm Characteristics: A colorless mobile liquid (yellow on aging), with a somewhat harsh camphoraceous odor and woody-scent undertones. Toxicity: Eucalyptus oil should be used infrequently since it is difficult to eliminate through the kidneys. Contraindicated for women who are pregnant or breast-feeding as well as anyone suffering from low blood sugar. Commission E says it is also contraindicated for persons suffering from inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and bile ducts, as well as severe liver disease. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh or partially dried leaves and young twigs. Blends well with: thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedarwood and lemon Uses: Skin Care: burns, blisters, cuts herpes, insect bites, insect repellant, lice, skin infections, wounds |
| Oil
Name: Lemon Eucalyptus Constituents: primarily citronellal with citronellol, geraniol, pinene Energetics: cooling and calming Characteristics: clear to pale yellow, with a strong citrus-camphoraceous scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant in dilution; possible sensitization in some individuals. Toxic when taken internally. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of leaves and twigs Properties: analgesic, calming, antiseptic, insecticide, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal Uses: fungal and infective skin conditions, respiratory problems, arthritis, shingles, high blood pressure Blends well with: other eucalypti, thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedar, lemon, other citrus oils |
| Oil
Name: Peppermint Eucalyptus Constituents: piperitone, phellandrene, camphene, cymene, terpenine, linalool Energetics: cooling and releasing Characteristics: clear to pale yellow, with a camphoraceous-minty aroma Toxicity: not to be used by children or pregnant women; otherwise, fairly non-toxic, non-irritant in dilution. Toxic if taken internally. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of leaves and twigs Properties: analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, decongestant, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant Uses: arthritis, muscular aches and pains, respiratory problems (especially where an expectorant is needed), vaginal discharge, deodorant Blends well with: other eucalypti, thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedar, lemon, peppermint |
| Oil
Name: Narrow Leaf Eucalyptus Constituents: cineole, alpha-terpineol, geraniol, phellandrene, piperitone, piperitol Energetics: cooling and protecting Characteristics: usually clear with a penetrating, medium-strength camphoraceous aroma Toxicity: : non-toxic, non-irritant in dilution and usually non-sensitizing. Toxic when taken internally. Not recommended for use on small children. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of leaves and twigs Properties: antiseptic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory Uses: good for all respiratory issues, especially when viral in origin; vaginitis, wounds, acne, sinus infections Blends well with: other eucalypti, thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedar, lemon, peppermint, tea tree |
| Oil
Name: Eucalyptus, Gully Gum Constituents: cineole, alpha pinene Energetics: cooling, energizing and protective Characteristics: usually clear with a soft, gentle camphoraceous scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Generally safe for children if properly diluted. Toxic if taken internally. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of leaves and twigs Properties: anti-infective, expectorant, stimulating, analgesic, immune modulant Uses: muscle pain, ear-nose-and throat problems Blends well with: other eucalypti, thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedar, lemon, peppermint, tea tree |
| Oil
Name: Sweet Fennel Select Energetics: pungent, warm, dry,
sweet
Cautions: Ingestion of the essential oil may induce nausea, vomiting, seizures and pulmonary edema. The principal hazards with fennel itself are photodermatitis and contact dermatitis. Some individuals exhibit crossreactivity to several species of Apiaceae. Rare allergic reactions have been reported following the ingestion of fennel. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation of seeds. Essential is colorless and has a very sweet and somewhat warm, anise like aroma; slightly earthy or peppery-spicy with a clean, sweet aromatic dryout, a hint of fruityfresh top note. Blends well with: anise, caraway, lavender, chamomile, angelica, cardamom, clove, orange, ginger, geranium, rose, sandalwood, basil, lemon, rosemary |
| Oil
Name: Balsam Fir Constituents: consists almost
entirely of monoterpenes, pinene, phellandrene, esters and alcohols. Characteristics: The oleoresin is a thick pale yellow or green honey-like mass, which dries to crystal clear varnish, with a fresh sweet-balsamic, almost fruity odor. The oil is a colorless mobile liquid with a sweet, softbalsamic, pine-like scent. Toxicity: The oil is generally non-toxic, nonirritant, non-sensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: the oleoresin is collected by puncturing vesicles in the bark. An essential oil is produced by steam distillation from the oleoresin, known as Canada balsam or Canada turpentine. An essential oil is also produced by steam distillation from the leaf or needles, known as fir needle oil. Blends well with: pine, cedarwood, cypress, sandalwood, juniper, benzoin and other balsams |
| Oil
Name: Douglas Fir Constituents: beta-alpha-pinene, terpinolene, limonene, delta-3-carene, citronellyl acetate, camphor, geraniol, b-phellandrene Energetics: warming and protecting Characteristics: warming and protecting Toxicity: generally non-toxic, non-irritant (in dilution) |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of needles Properties: antiseptic, antiviral, expectorant, stimulant, germicide Uses: respiratory problems, circulatory tonic, freshens and disinfects air |
| Oil
Name: Silver Fir Constituents: santene, pinene,
limonene, bornyl acetate, lauraldehyde among others. The templin
oil: pinene, limonene, borneol, bornyl acetate, among others
Characteristics: a colorless or pale yellow liquid of pleasing, rich, sweety-balsamic odor. The templin oil is similar to the needle oil, but with a more orange-like fragrance Toxicity: The oil is non-toxic, non-irritant except in high concentration and nonsensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential by steam distillation from the needles and young twigs and fir cones, broken up pieces (templin oil) Actions: analgesic, antiseptic (pulmonary), antitussive, deodorant, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, tonic. Uses: Circulation, Muscles and Joints: arthritis, muscular aches and pains, rheumatism |
| Oil
Name: Frankincense Constituents: Mainly monoterpene
hydrocarbons, notably pinene, dipentene, limonene, thujone, phellandrene,
cymene, myrcene, terpinene; also octyl acetate, octanol, incensole
among others
Energetics: spicy, bitter, warm Characteristics: a pale yellow or greenish mobile liquid with a fresh, terpeney top note and a warm, rich, sweet-balsamic undertone. Taste: bitter, pungent, astringent, sweet; energy: heating, drying; Dosha affect: K V-, P+; planet: Sun - Note: middle to base |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from selected oleo gum resin. An absolute is also produced, for use mainly as a fixative. Blends well with: sandalwood, pine, vetiver, geranium, jasmine, labdanum, lavender, lemon, mimosa, musk, myrrh, neroli, orange, patchouli, pine, rose, rosewood, violet, ylangylang, bergamot, camphor, basil, pepper, cinnamon and other spices. It modifies the sweetness of citrus blends in an intriguing way. |
Boswellia
carteri| Oil
Name: Geranium Constituents: citronellol, gernaiol,
linalol, isomenthone, menthone, phellandrene, sabinene, limonene.
Characteristics: The Bourbon oil is a greenisholive liquid with a rosy-sweet, minty scent, preferred in perfumery work; middle note. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves, stalks and flowers of geranium. |
| Oil
Name: Rose Geranium Constituents: citronellol, gernaiol,
linalol, isomenthone, menthone, phellandrene, sabinene, limonene.
Characteristics: The Bourbon oil is a greenisholive liquid with a rosy-sweet, minty scent, preferred in perfumery work; middle note. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves, stalks and flowers of rose geranium. An absolute and concrete are also produced in Morocoo. |
| Oil
Name: Ginger Constituents: Contains proteins,
cellulose, starch, minerals, a fixed oil with gingerol, a bitter
resin and 1-3 per cent volatile oil. Nineteen substances have been
isolated from the essential oil including zingiberene, bisabolene,
zingiberol, zingiberenol, curcumene, borneol, methlheptenone, phellandrene,
camphene, norneol, cineol, linalool, citral, cumene, pinene and
cymene. Fresh ginger contains 80% water, while dry ginger has up
to 10% moisture. The pungent principles of ginger are ginerols,
shogoals and zingerone, in that order of pungency.
Energetics: pungent, sweet; warming/drying Cautions: For oil: don’t use if inflammatory skin diseases, high fever, bleeding or ulcers are present. Avoid excessive amounts of ginger if the stomach is already hot and over-stimulated, as in peptic ulceration. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of the unpeeled, dried rhizome. Color and odor: yellow in color; warm but fresh, woody, spicy with a peculiar resemblance to orange, lemon, lemongrass, coriander weed oil in the initial, fresh topnotes; the undertone is sweet, heavy, rich, tenacious, almost balsamic floral Blends well with: black pepper, eucalyptus, juniper, cypress, rose, cedarwood, coriander, all citrus, neroli, sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli, frankincense, rosewood, bay, cajeput, cinnamon, clove, geranium, myrtle, nutmeg, rosemary, peppermint, tea tree, thyme. |
| Oil
Name: Ginger Select Constituents: Contains proteins,
cellulose, starch, minerals, a fixed oil with gingerol, a bitter
resin and 1-3 per cent volatile oil. Nineteen substances have been
isolated from the essential oil including zingiberene, bisabolene,
zingiberol, zingiberenol, curcumene, borneol, methlheptenone, phellandrene,
camphene, norneol, cineol, linalool, citral, cumene, pinene and
cymene. Fresh ginger contains 80% water, while dry ginger has up
to 10% moisture. The pungent principles of ginger are ginerols,
shogoals and zingerone, in that order of pungency. Energetics: pungent, sweet; warming/drying Cautions: For oil: don’t use if inflammatory skin diseases, high fever, bleeding or ulcers are present. Avoid excessive amounts of ginger if the stomach is already hot and over-stimulated, as in peptic ulceration. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of the unpeeled, dried rhizome. Color and odor: yellow in color; warm but fresh, woody, spicy with a peculiar resemblance to orange, lemon, lemongrass, coriander weed oil in the initial, fresh topnotes; the undertone is sweet, heavy, rich, tenacious, almost balsamic floral Blends well with: black pepper, eucalyptus, juniper, cypress, rose, cedarwood, coriander, all citrus, neroli, sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli, frankincense, rosewood, bay, cajeput, cinnamon, clove, geranium, myrtle, nutmeg, rosemary, peppermint, tea tree, thyme. |
| Oil
Name: Pink and White Grapefruit Constituents: geraniol, linalool,
citral (aldehyde), Limonene (90%), Pinene (Terpenes), cadinene,
paradisiol, neral, citronellal, sinensal, abinene, myrcene, decyl
acetate, neryl acetate, as well as esters, coumarins and furocoumarins.
Energetics: warming/drying Characteristics: a yellow or greenish mobile liquid with a fresh, sweet citrus aroma. Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing, non-phototoxic. Short self life, oxidizes quickly. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by cold expression from the fresh peel. Blends well with: basil, bergamot, cardamom, cedarwood, chamomile, citronella, cypress, frankincense, geranium, jasmine, lavender, lemon, neroli, palmarosa, rose, rosemary, rosewood, ylang ylang and other spice oils. |
| Oil
Name: Helichrysum Constituents: nerol and neryl
acetate, geraniol, pinene, linalol, isovaleric aldehyde, sesquiterpenes,
furfurol and eugenol. Energetics: Warm, earthy, bittersweet, rich aroma with spicy and fruity notes Characteristics: (1) a pale yellow to red oily liquid with a powerful, rich honey-like scent with a delicate tea-like undertone. (2) A yellowy brown viscous liquid with a rich, floral, tea-like scent. Toxicity: Non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: (1) Essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh flowers and flowering tops. (2) An absolute (and concrete) are also produced by solvent extraction. Blends well with: Rose, Patchouli, Sandalwood, Sweet Marjoram, Vetiver and Lavender. |
| Oil
Name: Creeping Hyssop Constituents: pinocamphone,
isopinocamphone, estragole, borneol, geraniol, limonene, thujone,
camphene, pinocampheol, cineole, linalool, terpineol, myrcene, caryophyllene,
flavonoids (hyssopin), tannin (5-8%); organic acid; bitter lactones
(marrubiin, ursolic acid).
Energetics: a colorless to pale yellowy-green liquid with a sweet, camphoraceous top note and warm spicyherbaceous undertone. Characteristics: Herbaceous, camphoraceous, warm, sweet & slightly spicy. Toxicity: Use only in small doses medicinally. Pregnant women and people with high blood pressure should avoid it. Epileptics should not use the essential oil at all. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation from leaves and flowering tops. Blends well with: lavender, rosemary, myrtle, bay leaf, sage, clary sage, geranium, eucalyptus, myrtle, camphor, juniper, cajeput, laurel and citrus oils. Uses: For skin: bruises, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, inflammation, wounds Circulation, Muscles and Joints: low or high blood pressure, rheumatism |
| Oil
Name: Immortelle Constituents: nerol and neryl
acetate, geraniol, pinene, linalol, isovaleric aldehyde, sesquiterpenes,
furfurol and eugenol. Energetics: Warm, earthy, bittersweet, rich aroma with spicy and fruity notes Characteristics: (1) a pale yellow to red oily liquid with a powerful, rich honey-like scent with a delicate tea-like undertone. (2) A yellowy brown viscous liquid with a rich, floral, tea-like scent. Toxicity: Non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: (1) Essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh flowers and flowering tops. (2) An absolute (and concrete) are also produced by solvent extraction. Blends well with: Rose, Patchouli, Sandalwood, Sweet Marjoram, Vetiver and Lavender. |
| Oil
Name: Jasmine Absolute Constituents: benzyl acetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, farnesol, benzyl alcohol, cis-jasmone, geraniol, nerol, indole, terpineol, methyl anthranilate, eugenol, phenyl acetic acid, methyl jasmonate Energetics: soothing and restoring Characteristics: golden yellow brown to deep orange-brown viscous liquid with an intensely sweet, flowery, rich, scent with musky, tea, fruity and heady undertones Toxicity: do not use if pregnant until about to begin birth; otherwise, non-toxic, non-irritant and generally non-sensitizing. Some individuals may be allergic. Low doses are recommended due to the intensity of the aroma. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: solvent extract Properties: anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, uterine antiseptic, galactagogue Uses: labor pains, depression, bronchial spasms, laryngitis, pelvic congestion, nervous exhaustion, dry, sensitive and mature skin, muscular aches and pains Blends well with: other florals (especially rose), sandalwood, clary sage, oakmoss, citrus oils, frankincense, geranium, palmarosa, rosewood |
| Oil
Name: Jasmine Sambac Absolute Constituents: There are over
100 constituents in the oil including benzyl acetate, linalol, phenylacetic
acid, benzyl alcohol, farnesol, methyl anthranilate, cisjasmone,
methyl jasmonate. Energetics: cooling, moisturizing Characteristics: The absolute is a dark orange-brown, viscous liquid with an intensely rich, warm, floral scent and a tea-like undertone. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: A concrete is produced by solvent extraction; the absolute is obtained from the concrete by separation with alcohol. An essential oil is produced by steam distillation of the absolute. Actions: mild analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, cicatrizant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative, uterine tonic |
| Oil
Name: Juniper Constituents: 0.5-2.0% of a volatile
essential oil including terpenes (mainly monoterpenes: pinene, myrcene,
sabinene with limonene, cymene, terpinene, thujene and camphene);
10% resin; 30% invert sugars, some salts, wax, gum, flavonoids,
glycosides, tannins, podophyllotoxin (an anti-tumor agent), vitamin
C and phytonicides. The bitter principle is juniperin. Chemically
similar to turpentine and Australian tea tree oil. Very high in
chromium. High in tin, protein and cobalt. Characteristics: a water-white or pale yellow mobile liquid with a sweet, fresh, woody-balsamic odor. Toxicity: Juniper may irritate the kidneys in long-term use, so do not take internally for more than six weeks without a break, or at all if there is already kidney damage. Other adverse effects are generally of an allergic nature. Contraindicated during pregnancy. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by stem distillation from the berries and the needles and wood. A resinoid, concrete and absolute are also produced on a small scale. Blends well with: vetiver, sandalwood, cedarwood, mastic, oakmoss, galbanum, elemi, cypress, clary sage, pine, lavender, lavandin, labdanum, fir needle, rosemary, benzoin, balsam tolu, geranium and citrus oils |
| Oil
Name: Laurel Constituents: essential oils
are geraniol, eucalyptol, cineol, pinene, eugenol, terpenes; tannic
acid; bitters; berries contain glyceryl laurate and essential oil
similar to leaves. Energetics: spicy, warm Characteristics: a greenish-yellow liquid with a powerful, spicy-medicinal odor, somewhat resembling cloves or cinnamon. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of dried leaves and berries. Blends well with: bergamot, atlas or Virginian cedarwood, eucalyptus, fennel, ginger, juniper, lavender, lemon, sweet or Spanish marjoram, orange, patchouli, rose, rosemary, thyme, ylang-ylang, clary sage, labdanum |
| Oil
Name: Wild Lavender Constituents: Over 100. Lavender
has 0.5- 1/5% volatile oil, tannins, coumarins (including coumarin,
umbelliferone and herniarin), flavonoids (such as luteolin), and
(in the leaves) about 0.7% ursolic acid. The essential oil has linalyl
acetate (8-18% in English lavender, 30-60% in French lavender),
linalool, 1,8-cineole, camphor, pinene, geraniol and its esters,
lavandulol, nerol, cineole, caryophyllene, limonene, furfural, ethyl
amyl ketone, thujone, and pinocamphone. Linalool has the distinct
smell of lavender. The sweetly floral English lavender has little
camphor compared to other lavenders, which accordingly have a medicinal
or detergent-like smell. High altitudes generally produce more esters.
Energetics: slightly cooling/neutral |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh flowering tops. An absolute and concrete are also produced by solvent extraction. Characteristics: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral-herbaceous scent and balsamic-woody undertone. |
| Oil
Name: Dalmation Lavender Constituents: Energetics: Characteristics: Toxicity: |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: |
| Oil
Name: Lavender Mailette Constituents: linalyl-acetate, linalol, beta-caryophyllene, cineol, lavandulol, lavandulyl acetate, terpineol, cineol, limonene, ocimene Energetics: cooling, calming and balancing Characteristics: clear to slightly pale yellow with a floral, herbaceous, fresh, soft, sweet velvety scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Some authorities recommend not using during the first trimester of pregnancy. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of the flowering tops Properties: analgesic, calming, antiseptic, cell rejuvenating, antidepressant, antispasmodic, liver tonic, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, sedative tonic to the nervous system Uses: asthma, headache, insomnia, lung infections, stress relief, cuts and bruises, PMS, menstrual cramps, muscular pain, high blood pressure, fatigue, depression, sunburn, all skin types and issues, digestive problems Blends well with: citrus oils, floral oils, roman chamomile, clary sage, rose geranium, cedar, clove, pine, labdanum, oakmoss, vetiver, patchouli |
| Oil
Name: Spike Lavender Constituents: cineole, camphor, linalol, d-camphene, linalyl acetate, d-borneol Energetics: cooling, detoxifying and regenerating Characteristics: clear to pale yellow with a fresh herbaceous, camphoraceous scent Toxicity: generally non-toxic, non-irritant in dilution; non-sensitizing; not for use on small children and avoid during the first 3 to 4 months of pregnancy. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of flowering tops Properties: antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-infective, analgesic, carminative, diuretic, circulatory regulator, nerve calmer Uses: sinus infection, bronchitis, wounds, dyspepsia, headaches, rheumatic pain and arthritis Blends well with: lavender, sage, eucalyptus, pine, Atlas cedar, oak moss, petitgrain, patchouli and spice oils |
| Oil
Name: Lemon Constituents: Fruit (Fresh weight):
Water: 90 Calories: 28 Protein: 0.8 Fat: 0.5 Carbohydrate: 8.2 Fiber:
0.6 Ash: 5.4 Calcium: 33 Phosphorus: 15 Iron: 0.5 Sodium: 3 Potassium:
137 Vitamin A: 12 Thiamine: 0.5 Riboflavin: 0.01999 Niacin: 0.1
Vitamin C: 52 . The oil: limonene, terpinene, pinenes, sabinene,
myrcene, citral, linalool, geraniol, octanol, nonanol, citronellal,
bergamotene (which sensitizes the skin to sunlight and is sometimes
added to tanning preparations since it promotes pigmentation in
the skin, though it can cause dermatitis or allergic responses in
some people).
Characteristics: A pale greeny-yellow liquid (turning brown with age), with a light, fresh, citrus scent. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by cold expression from the outer part of the fresh peel. A terpeneless oil is also produced on a large scale. Blends well with: lavender, neroli, ylang ylang, rose, sandalwood, olibanum, chamomile, benzoin, fennel, geranium, eucalyptus, juniper, oakmoss, lavandin, elemi, labdanum and other citrus oils Actions: anti-anemic, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antisclerotic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrizant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, hemostatic, hypotensive, insecticidal, rubefacient, stimulates white corpuscles, tonic, vermifuge |
| Oil
Name: Lemongrass Constituents: essential oil
includes citral (65- 85%), dipentene, methylheptenone, linalol,
geraniol, geraniol, linalool, geranyl acetate, farnesol, nerol,
citronellol, myrcene (12-25%).
Characteristics: A yellow, amber or reddish-brown liquid with a fresh, grassy-citrus scent and an earthy undertone. A yellow or amber liquid with a fresh, grassy-lemony scent, generally lighter than the West Indian type. Taste: pungent, bitter; Energy: cooling/moisturizing; Dosha effect: P K-, Vo; Note: top. Toxicity: Prolonged handling of lemongrass may cause contact dermatitis (itching, burning, stinging, reddened or blistered skin) People who handle the plant and then expose their skin to sunlight may end up with a severe sunburn on the exposed surfaces. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the fresh and partially dried leaves, finely chopped. Actions: analgesic, antidepressant, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deodorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, galactagogue, insecticidal, nervine, sedative (nervous), tonic. |
| Oil
Name: Lime (cold pressed) Constituents: limonene, pinenes, camphene, sabinene, citral, cymene, cineole, linalool, (peel contains coumarins), terpeneol, linalyl acetate, bergaptene Energetics: cooling, refreshing, uplifting Characteristics: yellow to olive green with a strong, sharp, tart, spicy-citrus aroma Toxicity: non-toxic, possible irritant if not used in dilution, non-sensitizing. The peel essential oil may cause photo-sensitivity in the presence of sunlight; the distilled essential is not very photosensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Cold-pressed from the peel of unripe fruit Properties: antiseptic, antiviral, febrifuge, anti-rheumatic, astringent, tonic, restorative Uses: Many skin conditions, arthritis, poor circulation, respiratory problems, digestive issues, and a general tonic Blends well with: other citrus oils, neroli, citronella, lavender, rosemary and clary sage |
| Oil
Name: Lime (distilled) Constituents: limonene, pinenes, camphene, sabinene, citral, cymene, cineole, linalool, (peel contains coumarins), terpeneol, linalyl acetate, bergaptene Energetics: cooling, refreshing, uplifting Characteristics: clear to pale yellow with a fresh, fruity-citrus aroma Toxicity: non-toxic, possible irritant if not used in dilution, non-sensitizing. The peel essential oil may cause photo-sensitivity in the presence of sunlight; the distilled essential is not very photosensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distilled of whole ripe crushed fruit Properties: antiseptic, antiviral, febrifuge, anti-rheumatic, astringent, tonic, restorative Uses: Many skin conditions, arthritis, poor circulation, respiratory problems, digestive issues, and a general tonic Blends well with: other citrus oils, neroli, citronella, lavender, rosemary and clary sage |
| Oil
Name: Red Mandarin Constituents: limonene, benzyl acetate, N-methyl anthranol acid, citral, geraniol, citronellal Energetics: calming and tonifying Characteristics: yellowy-orange with a very sweet, warm, tangy, floral citrus scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant (some experts would add "only in dilution"), non-sensitizing. Most sources say photo-sensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Cold expression of the ripe outer peel. Properties: sedative (helps regulate the sympathetic nervous system), stimulant (digestive and lymphatic systems), antiseptic, antispasmodic, mild diuretic, liver tonic Uses: insomnia, anxiety, digestive issues, fluid retention, intestinal problems, congested and oily skin; excellent for children and pregnant women. Blends well with; other citrus oils, spice oils, basil, chamomile, lavender, marjoram, palmarosa, petitgrain, rose, lemongrass |
| Oil
Name: Manuka
(NZ Tea Tree) Constituents: leptospermone, calamenene, delta-cadinene, limonene, caryophyllene, geraniol, pinene, linalol, humulene Energetics: cleansing and protecting Characteristics: clear with a deep leathery honey scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, possibly sensitizing in some individuals |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of the leaves Properties: analgesic, antibacterial (across a wide spectrum, including gram positive), antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic, decongestant, anti-allergic, astringent, anti-inflammatory Uses: all respiratory tract issues (infections, asthma, hay fever), muscular pain, rheumatism, acne and other skin conditions Blends well with: ravensare (ravintsara), tea tree, eucalyptus, myrtle (all for medicinal purposes) |
| Oil
Name: Sweet Marjoram Constituents: essential oil
includes terpenes; cis- and trans-sabinese hydrate; flavonoids;
linalool; terpineol, carvocrol, linalyl acetate, ocimene, cadinene,
geranyl acetate, citral, eugenol.
Energetics: spicy, warm Characteristics: The oil is yellowish, with a spicy, aromatic quality, reminiscent of lavender. The taste is sharp and spicy. The oleoresin is dark-green and viscous. Middle note. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation. Yield is very low, often less than 1% of the fresh material. Blends well with: lavender, bergamot, mandarin, orange, nutmeg, rosewood, ylang ylang, rosemary, bergamot, chamomile, cypress, cedarwood, tea tree and eucalyptus |
| Oil
Name: Wild Marjoram Constituents: cineole, d-alpha pinene, isovalerian acid, linalool Energetics: stimulating and strengthening Characteristics: clear with a camphoraceous, herbaceous, penetrating scent Toxicity: do not use if pregnant, or on small children. When well-diluted is usually non-toxic and non-irritant. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Distilled from leaves of the mastichina species of Thyme (chemotype cineole) Properties: expectorant, decongestant, antibacterial, antiviral Blends well with: other thymes, rosemary, lavender, pine, eucalyptus, tea tree, peppermint |
| Oil
Name: May Chang Constituents: mainly citral
(up to 85%); also limonene, miycrene, methyl hepetone, linalol and
linlyl acetate, laurotetanine, isocorydine, magnocurarine apinene,
B-pinene, myrcene, neral, geranial, nerol, geraniol, caryophyllene.
Characteristics: a pale yellow mobile liquid with an intense, lemony, fresh-fruity odor (sweeter than lemongrass but less tenacious). |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the fruits. Actions: antiseptic, antidepressant, astringent, carminative, cordial, galactagogue, hypotensive, tonic, deodorant, digestive, disinfectant, insecticidal, stimulant, stomachic |
| Oil
Name: Melissa (Lemon Balm) Constituents: essential oil
includes cintronellal and geranial with neral; citral, citronellol,
eugenol, geraniol, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids; caryophyllene,
caryophyllene oxide, linalol, limonene.
Energetics: cold, dry, sour, slightly bitter Characteristics: a pale yellow liquid with a light, fresh lemony fragrance. Toxicity: Prolonged contact with balm plants or leaves may cause contact dermatitis (itching, sting, burning, reddened or blistered skin) or it may sensitize you to other allergens. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves and flowering tops. Blends well with: lavender, geranium, floral and citrus oils Uses: Skin care: allergies, insect bites, insect repellent Respiratory: asthma, bronchitis, chronic coughs; useful for colds and influenza |
| Oil
Name: Myrrh Constituents: The composition
is very complex and only partially known. 40-60% is soluble in ethanol
and comprises a very inadequately known resin and an essential oil
which has been studied in some detail and found to consist almost
entirely of sesquiterpenes. The main components are furanosesquiterpenes
of the germacrane, elemane, eudesmane, and guaiane types. In addition,
there are sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene alchohols;
heerabolene, limonene, dipentene, pinene, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde,
cuminaldehyde, cadinene.
Energetics: Hot, dry, acrid bitter Characteristics: The resinoid is a dark reddish-brown viscous mass, with a warmspicy, showing a very peculiar sharp-balsamic, slightly medicinal topnote; the sweetness increases to a deep, warm-spicy and aromatic dryout. The essential oil is a pale yellow to amber oily liquid with a warm, sweet-balsamic, slightly spicy-medicinal odor. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: resinoid (and resin absolute) by solvent extraction of the crude myrrh; essential oil by steam distillation of the crude myrrh Actions: alterative, analgesic, emmenagogue, rejuvenative, astringent, expectorant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, stimulant, antiinflammatory, carminative. Blends well with: frankincense, benzoin, clove, galbanum, lavender, sandalwood, orange, tangerine, juniper, cypress, geranium, musk, pine, patchouli and heavy flower oils |
| Oil
Name: Red Myrtle Constituents: cineol (ketone),
alphapinene, myrtenol, pinene (terpenes), geraniol, linalool, camphene,
nerol (alcohols), Myrtenal (Aldehyde), dipentene, tannins
Energetics: Mercury essence, yang with strong yin Characteristics: a pale yellow or orange liquid with a clear, fresh, camphoraceous, sweetherbaceous scent somewhat similar to eucalyptus. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves and flowering tips of the branches and occasionally the flowers. Known as Eau d’Agnes. Actions: anticatarrhal, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic, bactericidal, expectorant, regulator, parasiticide, slightly sedative |
| Oil
Name: Neroli
(Orange Blossom) Constituents: 40-80% Esters: mainly
linalyl acetate and geranyl acetate, as well as linalol, nerol,
terpineol, geraniol, nerolidol, farnesol, limonene, among others. Energetics: cooling /moisturizing / sweet / bitter Characteristics: the oil is a pale yellow mobile liquid darkening with age with a light, sweetfloral fragrance and terpencey topnote. The absolute is a dark brown or orange viscous liquid with a fresh delicate yet rich, warm sweet-floral fragrance. Toxicity: Oranges may aggravate arthritis. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation, sometimes extracted with solvents from fresh flowers. About 1,000 pounds of blossoms yield 1 pound of essential oil. The finest neroli otto is obtained from orange flowers, by distillation and by maceration and is known as “neroli pétale”. “Neroli bigarade” is obtained from flowers of the Seville or bitter orange. The essence essence or esprit is obtained by “washing” 2 oz of pomade with 4 pints of rectified spirit. Mixed with elder flower or rose water, it is an effective astringent, closing large pores almost at once. |
Citrus
aurantium var. amara| Oil
Name: True Niaouli (MQV) Constituents: terpene hydrocarbons, terpene alcohols, sesquiterpene alcohols, terpene oxide Energetics: protecting and strengthening Characteristics: clear oil with a woody, herbaceous, slightly camphoraceous scent Toxicity: because of its hormone-like effects, do not use on children less than 10 years old, or if pregnant. Otherwise, non-toxic, usually non-irritant (some people may be sensitive and require greater dilutions). |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of leaves Properties: anti-allergic, anti-infectious (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal), anti-inflammatory, astringent, hormone-like action on the HPA systems as well as the adrenal and genitor-urinary systems, expectorant, immune stimulant Uses: allergies, hemorrhoids, flu prevention, gum disease, muscular aches and pains, respiratory problems, genital herpes, skin lesions, vaginal problems, cystitis, prostate problems Blends well with: tea tree, cajeput, clary sage, rosemary, oakmoss, pine, geranium, marjoram, clove and nutmeg |
| Oil
Name: Bitter Orange Constituents: limonene, terpinolene, d-alpha-terpineol, myrcene, camphene, pinene, cymene, linalool, geraniol, citronellol, nerolidol, farnesol Energetics: tonifying and soothing Characteristics: dark yellow with a hint of brown, and a citrus aroma with rich, sweet, dry tones Toxicity: photo-sensitizing; otherwise, generally non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing. Some individuals may experience contact dermatitis; best use well-diluted. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Cold expression of the outer peel of almost ripe fruit Properties: sedative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-coagulant, astringent, digestive Uses: nervousness, anxiety, dizziness, digestive issues, circulatory and venous tonic |
| Oil
Name: Sweet Orange Constituents: aegloside, camphene,
limonene, linaloolacetate, two flavonone glycosides, poncirin and
naringin occur in leaves, flowers and fruit peel. Pectin may be
abundant. Energetics: cooling / moisturizing / sweet Characteristics: a pale yellow to amber liquid with a fresh-floral citrus scent and a woody herbacious undertone. Toxicity: Oranges may aggravate arthritis. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: |
Citrus
sinensis| Oil
Name: Oregano Constituents: The essential oil (max.
4%) may contain variable amounts of the two phenoles carvacrol and
thymol; furthermore, a variety of monoterpene hydrocarbons (limonene,
terpinene, ocimene, caryophyllene, ß- bisabolene and p-cymene)
and monoterpene alcohols (linalool, 4-terpineol) are reported.
Acids: Rosmarinic ( Plant and leaves) palmitic, estearic, oleic, ursolic, caffeic, capric ( Plant ); Essential oil rich in thymol ,cineole, carvacrol, borneol, beta-bisolobene, limonene, alphapinene, beta- pinene, myrcene, camphene, alpha- terpinene (Plant); Minerals: Potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper ( Plant); Tannins (Plant); Vitamins : Niacine, betacatotene (Plant) Energetics: warm and spicy Characteristics: a pale yellow liquid (browning with age), with a warm, spicyherbaceous, camphoraceous odor. Toxicity: Do not take as a medicine during pregnancy. External use may cause irritation of the skin. Do not take essential oil internally. The oil is a dermal toxin, skin irritant, mucous membrane irritant. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the dried flowering herb. Properties: Expectorant, antiinflammatory, antiseptic of the respiratory system; emenagogue; vulnerary; stimulant, diaphoretic, rubefacient, antispasmodic, calmative, stomachic, carminative, tonic. Uses: As a fragrance component in soaps, colognes and perfumes, especially men’s fragrances. Employed to some extent as a flavoring agent, mainly in meat products and pizzas. A red or purple dye is obtained from the flowering tops, it is neither brilliant nor durable. The plant repels ants. The primary ingredients in Oregano are thymol and carvacrol, which are also found in thyme. These compounds, researchers have found, help loosen phlegm in the lungs and relieve spasms in the bronchial passages. Many commercial cough remedies, including cough drops and skin rubs such as Vicks VapoRub, contain thymol. The flowering tops yield a reddish-brown dye and before the introduction of hops they were used in brewing. Wooden furniture was traditionally rubbed with the leaves to impart a pleasant fragrance. |
| Oil
Name: Palmarosa Constituents: Mainly geraniol;
also farnesol, geranyl acetate, ethylheptenone,
citronellol, citral, dipentene and limonene. Characteristics: a pale yellow or olive liquid with a sweet, floral, rosy, geranium-like scent. Toxicity: Non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam or water distillation of the fresh or dried grass. Blends well with: cananga, geranium, bergamot, citronella, jasmine, lavender, lime, melissa, orange, petitgrain, rose, violet, ylang ylang, oakmoss, rosewood, amyris, sandalwood, guaiacwood, cedarwood and other floral oils. |
| Oil
Name: Palo Santo Constituents: limonene, alpha-pinene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes Energetics: grounding and protecting Characteristics: pale yellow with a warm, woody, herbal, minty, fruity scent Toxicity: no safety issues known |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Distilled from the branches (gum and resin) of already fallen/dead wood Properties: antiviral, antibacterial, antispasmodic, decongestant, expectorant, sedative, anti-tumor Uses: skin issues, respiratory problems, anxiety and panic attacks, headaches and migraine, muscle and joint pain, meditation aid Blends well with: frankincense, sandalwood, myrrh, neroli |
| Oil
Name: Patchouli Constituents: Patchoulol (Alcohol—40%),
Benzoic, Cinnamic (Aldehydes), Eugenol (Phenol), Cadinene (Sesquiterpene);
pogostol, bulnesol, nor patchoulenol, bulnese, patchoulene, methylchavicol,
anethole, anisaldehyde, limonene, pinene, pmethoxycinnamaldehyde,
a-pinene, among others. Energetics: spicy, slightly warm Characteristics: an amber or dark orange viscous liquid with a sweet, rich, herbaceousearthy odor—it improves with age. Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: by steam distillation of the dried leaves (usually subjected to fermentation previously.) A resinoid is also produced, mainly as a fixative. The leaves, cut every few months, attain their highest oil content in the three pairs of newest leaves. Cutting is therefore aimed at a growth of 5 pairs, as the essential oil content of larger leaves is negligible. |
| Oil
Name: Black Pepper Constituents: Pepper yields
1-3 percent of a volatile oil which is aromatic though not pungent.
The pungency derives from the alkaloids - piperine, piperidine,
piperethine and chavian. Also: eugenol, myristicin, safrole (Phenol),
Bisabolene, Camphene, Farnesene, Limonene, Myrcene, Phellandrene,
Pinene, Sabinene, Selinene, Thujene (Terpenes), Caryophyllene (Sesquiterpene);
Cubeb pepper contains cubebin in place of piperine.
Energetics: hot, pungent Characteristics: Scent is hot and spicy; fresh, dry-woody; color is a water-white to pale olive mobile liquid. Toxicity: Essential oil of black pepper can irritate the skin. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation from the black peppercorns. Properties: carminative, stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic. Blends well with: basil, bergamot, cypress, frankincense, geranium, grapefruit, lemon, palmarosa, rosemary, sandalwood, ylang ylang, orange, ginger, ajwan, birch, anise seed, rose. Physical: warming; loosens tight muscles; improves digestion in small amounts; improves the benefits of other oils when combined. Stimulates the circulation |
| Oil
Name: Peppermint Constituents: essential oil,
mentol menthone, fasmone, tannic (labiatic acid), bitter principle. Energetics: spicy, bitter, slightly cool Characteristics: a pale yellow or greenish liquid with a highly penetrating, grassy-minty camphoraceous odor. Toxicity: Peppermint can reduce milk flow, so take internally with caution if breastfeeding. Commission E notes that peppermint oil should not be used without professional help in individuals with obstructions of the gallbladder, gallstones, or severe liver disease. The commission states the same caution for peppermint leaf in cases of gallstones. Peppermint and menthol are reported to have caused allergic reactions in some adults and children. It is also warned not to apply peppermint oil to broken skin. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the flowering herb Blends well with: benzoin, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, lemon, eucalyptus and other mints. Actions: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antipruritic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholaglgue, cordial, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, vermifuge. Use: Use peppermint scent to increase concentration, to stimulate mind and body and to stay awake. Externally, the essential oil is used in balms and liniments as a combination cooling and heating agent that stimulates both hot and cold nerve endings and increases blood flow to the area. |
| Oil
Name: Petitigrain, Bigarade Constituents: â-ocimen, L-a-pinen,
L-camphen, dipenten, L-linalool, L-linalylacetate, phenylalcohol,
a-terpinol, nerol, nerylacetate, geranium, nerolidol, farnesol,
acetic acid, indol, benzoe acid, anthranil acid, methylester, parafine. Energetics: cooling / moisturizing / sweet / bitter Characteristics: the oil is a pale yellow mobile liquid darkening with age with a light, sweetfloral fragrance and terpencey topnote. The absolute is a dark brown or orange viscous liquid with a fresh delicate yet rich, warm sweet-floral fragrance. Toxicity: Oranges may aggravate arthritis |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves and twigs. An orange ‘leaf and flower’ water absolute is also produced, known as petitgrain sur fleurs The best quality comes from France and is also produced in North Africa and Paraguay |
| Oil
Name: Scotch Pine Constituents: The leaves of
Scots pine contain a volatile oil (consisting mainly of alphapinene,
but also including beta-pinene, deltalimonene, and other constituents),
tannin, resin, terpenes, pinipricin, lignin, camphene. Summary: 50-90% monoterpene hydrocarbons: pinene, careen, dipentene, limonene, terpenes, myrcene, ocimene, camphene, sabinene; also bornyl acetate, cineol, citral, chamazulene, among others. Energetics: bitter, warm Characteristics: Pine needle oil is a colorless or pale yellow mobile liquid with a strong, dry-balsamic, turpentine-like aroma. Toxicity: Do not use if prone to allergic skin reactions. Take essential internally only under professional supervision. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by dry distillation of the needles. Gum turpentine is produced by steam distillation from the oleoresin. An inferior essential oil is also produced by dry distillation from the wood chippings, etc. Actions: antimicrobial, antineuralgic, antirheumatic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic (pulmonary, urinary, hepatic), antiviral, bactericidal, balsamic, cholagogue, choleretic, deodorant, diuretic, expectorant, hypertensive, insecticidal, restorative, rubefacient, stimulant (adrenal cortex, circulatory, nervous), vermifuge. Blends well with: cedarwood, rosemary, tea tree, sage, lavender, juniper, lemon, niaouli, eucalyptus and marjoram. |
| Oil
Name:
Ravintsara (Ravensare aromatica) Constituents: cineole, terpene alcohols, alpha terpineol, alpha and beta-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, terpenyl acetate, chavicol Energetics: cleansing and strengthening Characteristics: clear with a soft, spicy, herbaceous-camphoraceous scent Toxicity: none known for normal dosage (in dilution) |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distilled leaves Properties: antibacterial, (strongly) antiviral, immune stimulating, nerve tonic and sedative Uses: all viral conditions (flu, chronic fatigue, viral hepatitis, herpes, shingles, sore throats, bronchitis), insomnia, muscle fatigue Blends well with: eucalyptus, thyme, rosemary, lavender, marjoram, pine, cedar, lemon, myrtle, tea tree, Manuka |
| Oil
Name: Rose Absolute (French) Constituents: Flower contains
essential oil which includes citronellol, geraniol nerol, eugenol,
linalool, L-p-menthene, cyanin, gallic acid, beta-carotene.
Fruit: vitamins C, B, E, K; nicotinamide, organic acids, pectin. Energetics: cooling, moisturizing Characteristics: A pale yellow or olive yellow liquid with a very rich, deep, sweet-floral, slightly spicy scent. The absolute is a reddishorange or olive viscous liquid with a rich, sweet, spicy-floral, tenacious odor. The oil congeals at about 17F. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Extracted by steam distillation of fresh flowers. About 5,000 pounds of flower petals yield 1 pound of essential oil. First distillation yields some of the highest, most volatile components that are so light they are easily lost. It is customary to redistill the spent roses a second time; this is usually combined with the first distillation to ground it and prevent it from evaporating, then sold as "first." The third distillation of the same material produces a somewhat less grand product, and "fourth" distillation is best for blends. |
| Oil
Name: Rose Bourbon Absolute Constituents: Energetics: Characteristics: Toxicity: |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: |
Rosa
borboniana| Oil
Name: Rose Otto Constituents: citronellol, geraniol, nerol, stearopten, phenyl ethyl alcohol, rhodinol, farnesol, linalool, geranic acid, eugenol, myrcene, and up to 300 trace constituents Energetics: strengthening, tonifying and cooling Characteristics: colorless to very pale yellow or pale olive yellow liquid that solidifies (due to wax content) around 60 degrees F with a very rich, mellow, sweet-floral scent with spicy-vanilla undertones Toxicity: best avoided in pregnancy; otherwise non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: steam distillation of fresh petals (it requires over a ton of flowers to make one pint [16 fl.oz.] of rose essential oil) Properties: antidepressant, antispasmodic, astringent, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, tonic for heart, stomach, liver and uterus, promotes wound healing and scar formation, antiviral, antibacterial, mild laxative, expectorant Uses: chronic bronchitis, TB, asthma, nervous tension and stress-related problems, insomnia, depression, sexual issues, fatigue, skin problems, sprains and strains, heart palpitations, liver congestion, menstrual and uterine disorders Blends well with: citrus and floral oils, cedar, chamomile, clary sage, frankincense, petitgrain, sandalwood, vanilla, coriander, lavender, palmarosa, patchouli |
| Oil
Name: Rosemary Constituents: essential oils
include cineole, borneol, camphene, camphor, linalool, verbenol;
flavonoids (diosmin, apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin), rosemarinic
acids, tannins, diterpenes (picrosalvin), rosmaricine, bornylacetat,
dipenten, eucalyptol, D-a-pinen, camphor, L-a-thujon. Energetics: warming, dry, pungent, bitter Characteristics: yang Toxicity: The borneol, camphor, eucalyptol and pinene in oil of rosemary can be skin irritants. Should be avoided during pregnancy (though there is no real research to substantiate this) as well as in cases of epilepsy. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Extracted by steam distillation of the flowering plant. Liquid is clear to light yellow. Fragrance is camphor-like, strong, woody. About 66 pounds of the flowering plant yields 1 pound of essential oil. Because of their slightly different components, the oil from France is more effective for the liver, and the oil from Spain more effective for the heart. |
| Oil
Name: Rosemary Constituents: Energetics: Characteristics: Toxicity: |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: |
| Oil
Name: Clary Sage Constituents: linalyl acetate,
linalol, pinene, myrcene, saponine and phellandrene.
Characteristics: Yang Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, nonsensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy. Do not use clary sage oil while drinking alcohol, it can induce a narcotic effect and exaggerate drunkenness. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from the flowering tops and leaves. A concrete and absolute are also produced by solvent extraction in small quantities. Properties: anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, bactericidal. |
| Oil
Name: Lavender Sage Constituents: cineole, linalool, delta-terpineol, borneol camphor, linalyl acetate, alpha-beta-pinene, myrcene, and many sesquiterpenes Energetics: stimulating and strengthening Characteristics: very pale yellow with an herbaceous, lavender, clean, dry, slightly camphoraceous scent Toxicity: : none known in dilution |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Steam distillation of the leaves Properties: antiseptic, analgesic, antiviral, expectorant, relieve cough, circulatory tonic Uses: all respiratory problems, skin issues (acne, eczema, and dermatitis), poor circulation, arthritis, to prevent infections Blends well with: sage, lavender, marjoram, spike lavender, rosemary, hyssop |
| Oil
Name: Sandalwood, Australian Constituents: santalols, santalenes. Out of 70 chemical constituents identified, 4 are monoterpenes and 64 are sesquiterpenes. Four compounds are new to aromatherapy. Western Australian sandalwood contains higher levels of farnesol and alpha-bisabolol than East Indian sandalwood). Energetics: cooling, grounding and uplifting Characteristics: slightly pale yellow viscous liquid with a soft, woody, balsamic, leathery scent with a dry-spicy, slightly smoky-resinous note Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: distilled from roots, inner wood, and tree stumps Properties: anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, urinary and pulmonary antiseptic, aphrodisiac, sedative, tonic, insecticidal, cell regenerating Uses: inflammatory conditions, diarrhea, urinary and respiratory infections, skin problems, anxiety, insomnia, nervous tension, stress-related disorders Blends well with: bergamot, cypress, cedar, geranium, jasmine, rose, vetiver, coriander, frankincense, juniper, patchouli, pine, ylang ylang |
| Oil
Name: Sandalwood, Indian / Mysore Constituents: about 90% santalols, about 6% sesquiterpenes: santene, teresantol, borneol, santalone, and the aldehyde furfurol Energetics: grounding and comforting Characteristics: pale yellow (or greenish or brownish) viscous liquid with a deep woody, sweet, soft, balsamic scent Toxicity: non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing (when used in dilution). |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: distilled from roots and heartwood (powdered and dried) Properties: anti-depressant, urinary and pulmonary antiseptic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, sedative, tonic, insecticidal, cell regenerating Uses: anxiety, insomnia, genital, lung and urinary infections, hemorrhoids, persistent coughs, nausea, sexual issues, heartburn, diarrhea, stress-related problems, general skin care Blends well with: rose, violet, tuberose, bergamot, cedar, coriander, cypress, frankincense, clove, black pepper, lavender, rosewood, geranium, benzoin, oakmoss, vetiver, ylang ylang, patchouli, myrrh, jasmine |
| Oil
Name: Spearmint Constituents: L-carvone, dihydrocarvone,
phellandrene, limonene, menthone, menthol, pulegone, cineol, linalool,
pinenes, among others.
Characteristics: a pale yellow or olive mobile liquid with a warm, spicy-herbaceous, minty odor. Actions: anesthetic (local), antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, decongestant, digestive diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, tonic |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the flowering tops. Blends well with: lavender, lavandin, jasmine, eucalyptus, basil and rosemary and is often used in combination with peppermint. |
| Oil
Name: Spikenard Constituents: bornyl acetate,
isobornyl valerianate, borneol, patchouli alcohol, terpinyl valerianate,
terpineol, eugenol and pinenes. A volatile essential oil 0.5% resin,
sugar, starch, bitter extractive matter and gum are obtained from
the rhizome.The oil contains a ketone, jatamansone which is the
same as valeranone (in valerian).It also contains jatamansic acid.
Jatamansone semicarbazone is a sesquiterpenic ketone isolated from
the rhizomes.
Characteristics: a pale yellow or ambercolored liquid with a heavy, sweet-woody, spicy-animal odor, somewhat similar to valerian oil. Toxicity: Large doses of jatamansone can cause vomiting and diarrhea. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the dried and crushed rhizome and roots. Blends well with: labdanum, lavender, oakmoss, patchouli, pine needle, vetiver and spice oils. Actions: anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, bactericidal, deodorant, fungicidal, laxative, sedative, tonic |
| Oil
Name: Black Spruce Constituents: alpha-beta-pinene, camphene, delta-3-carene, l-bornyl acetate, l-alpha phellandrene, sesquiterpenes Energetics: tonifying and strengthening Characteristics: clear with an herbaceous, coniferous scent with a mossy undertone Toxicity: none known for normal usage (in dilution); do not take internally |
Aromatherapy: Extraction method: Steam distillation of needles Properties: hormone-like (possibly stimulating to the thymus; considered to have cortisone-like properties; adrenal tonic), antispasmodic, anti-infective, parasiticide, nerve strengthening, kidney tonic Uses: general tonic, internal parasites and intestinal catarrh, excessive thyroid, respiratory problems, weakened immune system, depleted adrenals Blends well with: other conifers, lavender, rosemary, lemon, marjoram |
| Oil
Name: Hemlock Spruce Constituents: Volatile oil (alpha-pinene,
borynl acetate, and cadinene), 10-14% tannins, and resin.
Characteristics: A colorless or pale yellow liquid with a pleasing, fresh-balsamic, sweetfruity odor. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Essential oil by steam distillation from the needles and twigs. Properties: Antipruritic; Astringent; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Skin; Styptic. |
| Oil
Name: Blue Tansy Constituents: chamazulene and limonene Energetics: calming and strengthening Characteristics: deep indigo blue with a strong penetrating herbal scent with a sweet-toast note Toxicity: reportedly non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing; use care in presence of endocrine imbalance |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: distillation of the annual tansy plant Properties: anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, analgesic, reduces blood pressure, strengthens veins, endocrine/hormonal affects Uses: asthma, emphysema, skin inflammation and allergies, varicose veins, high blood pressure, arthritis Blends well with: other herbal oils |
| Oil
Name: Tea Tree Constituents: volatile oil,
terpinen-4-ol (40%), gamma-terpinene (24%), alpha-terpinene (10%),
cineol (5%). One of the most important constituents is known to
be terpinen-4-ol, which is significantly antiseptic and well tolerated
by the skin. The oil also contains cineol, which can irritate the
skin. The cineol content varies—poor-quality oil has more than 10%,
in some cases up to 65%.
Energetics: warm, spicy, aromatic Characteristics: pale yellowish green or almost water white mobile liquid of a warm spicy, aromatic terpenic odor, reminiscent of nutmeg, cardamom and sweet marjoram, but with a strong emphasis on the terpinene and terpineol notes. The flavor is warm aromatic, somewhat burning, spicy and yet fresh, faintly camphoraceous, slightly bitter. Toxicity: None known. The oil is non caustic and has no harsh effects on skin, and is nonirritating to most skin types. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: Its leaves are collected and water or steam distilled locally. The oil has served as an antiseptic for many decades, but only recently has it been proven scientifically, that the oil really possesses an outstanding germ killing effect and high penetration power. Tea tree is a traditional Aboriginal remedy. The leaves are crushed, and either inhaled or used in infusions for coughs, colds, and skin infections. Blends well with: lavandin, lavender, clary sage, rosemary, oakmoss, pine, cananga, geranium, marjoram and spice oils, especially clove and nutmeg. |
| Oil
Name: Sweet Garden Thyme Constituents: terpene alcohols, especially linalol, and esters, especially linalyl acetate Energetics: protecting and tonifying Characteristics: clear with a tinge of pale yellow with a warm, herbaceous, powdery floral scent with a penetrating quality Toxicity: compared to Red, White and Wild Thymes (the thymol and carvacrol chemotypes) this thyme is much less toxic and non-irritant in dilution. There is the possibility of sensitization. When adequately diluted (2 % or less) safe for use on the skin and with children. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: distillation of the fresh leaves and flowering tops. Properties: anti-microbial, antiseptic (pulmonary, intestinal, genitor-urinary) antispasmodic, astringent, bactericidal, antifungal, nervine, tonic (circulatory and immune systems) Uses: stomach, intestinal and bladder infections, nervous exhaustion, parasites, skin infections, respiratory issues Blends well with: bergamot, lemon, rosemary, melissa, lavender, marjoram, tolu balsam, pine, cedar, chamomile, juniper, niaouli, red mandarin, tea tree |
| Oil
Name: Vetiver Constituents: the essential
oil includes at least 29 different compounds including vetiverol,
vitivone, terpenes (vetivenes).
Characteristics: a dark brown, olive or amber viscous oil with a deep smoky, earthywoody odor with a sweet persistent undertone. The color and scent can vary according to the source. Angola produces a very pale oil with a dry-woody odor. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the roots and rootlets – washed, chopped, dried and soaked. A resinoid is also produced by solvent extraction for perfumery work. |
| Oil
Name: Blue Yarrow Constituents: volatile oil with variable content
(azulene—up to 51%, borneol, cineole,
terpineol, eugenol, trace of thujone, linalool,
camphor, sabinene, chamzulene); sesquiterpene
lactones, flavonoids, saponins, sterols,
glycoalkaloid (achilleine), alkaloids (acilleine);
polyacetylenes; triterpenes; salicylic acid;
coumarins; tannins, sugars. Energetics: bitter, spicy, neutral Characteristics: a dark blue (or greenish olive) liquid with a fresh, green, sweetherbaceous, slightly camphoraceous odor. It blends well with cedarwood, pine, chamomile, valerian, vetiver and oakmoss. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: essential oil by steam distillation from the dried herb. |
| Oil
Name: Ylang Ylang Complete Constituents: methyl benzoate,
methyl salicylate, methyl para-cretol, benzyl acetate, eugenol,
geraniol, linalol, linalylbenzoate, linalylacetate, cardinen, cresol,
a-pinen, caryophyllen, isoengenol, cresylmethylether, safrol, nerol,
farnesol and terpenes: pinene, cadinene.
Toxicity: Too much can cause nausea. Characteristics:The extra is a pale yellow, oily liquid with an intensely sweet, soft, floralbalsamic, slightly spicy scent--a good oil has a creamy rich topnote. The other grades lack the depth and richness of the extra. |
Aromatherapy:
Extraction method: by water or steam distillation from the freshly picked flowers. The first distillate is called ylang ylang extra, which is the top grade. There are three further successive distillates, called Grades 1,2 and 3. A complete oil is also produced which represents the total or unfractionated oil but is sometimes constructed by blending ylang ylang 1 and 2 together. An absolute and concrete are also produced by solvent extraction for their long-lasting floral-balsamic effect. |
|
HERBALPEDIA™ is brought to you by: |
| Guarantee
of Therapeutic Grade: All above oils are unadulterated,
100% pure essential oils from natural sources. There are no chemical
additives; neither are they decolored, deturpenated, peroxidized,
reconstituted nor redistilled (except for White Camphor, which
is rectified). Most of the oils are tested for purity using gas
chromatography. The oils are made from plant material that is
picked and processed at the proper time of day and year, and they
are distilled for the optimal therapeutic chemical profile.
|
The information presented here only reflects historical usage of
herbs and herbal products and is given for educational purposes
only. No statement has been evaluated by the FDA. None of these
herbs in any form of product are intended to diagnose, treat, cure
or prevent any disease or condition. |
| Iris
Vision & Business Values |
 |
How To Order |
IRIS HERBAL PRODUCTS
HC 81, Box 640 - Questa, NM 87556
(Toll free) 1-877-286-2970 - e-mail
Outside of the USA, please call 1-575-586-1802
MoonLight Enterprises and Iris Herbal Products © All rights reserved.